WEBVTT 00:11.440 --> 00:13.360 What's up, sunshine? I'm Ky Wire. This 00:13.360 --> 00:15.280 is CNN 10, your 10 minutes of news, 00:15.280 --> 00:16.640 where I simply tell you the what, 00:16.640 --> 00:18.560 letting you decide what to think. We've 00:18.560 --> 00:20.480 got a special guest on the show for you 00:20.480 --> 00:22.640 this your word Wednesday, March 11th. 00:22.640 --> 00:24.400 Listen up to see if the vocabulary word 00:24.400 --> 00:26.400 you submitted helped us write today's 00:26.400 --> 00:29.279 show. We begin in Australia with a story 00:29.279 --> 00:31.279 that shows just how far-reaching the 00:31.279 --> 00:33.680 impact of the conflict in Iran has 00:33.680 --> 00:35.680 become. The Australian government says 00:35.680 --> 00:37.680 members of the Iranian women's national 00:37.680 --> 00:39.200 soccer team have been granted 00:39.200 --> 00:42.239 humanitarian visas following a recent 00:42.239 --> 00:44.480 tournament there. Humanitarian visas 00:44.480 --> 00:46.559 provide temporary or sometimes even 00:46.559 --> 00:48.640 permanent legal protection for people 00:48.640 --> 00:51.039 forced to flee their home country due to 00:51.039 --> 00:53.840 conflict or fears of persecution. The 00:53.840 --> 00:56.160 team known as the Lionesses were in 00:56.160 --> 00:58.079 Australia to compete in the Women's 00:58.079 --> 01:00.239 Asian Cup. They made the collective 01:00.239 --> 01:02.160 decision to not sing the Iranian 01:02.160 --> 01:03.680 national anthem ahead of their opening 01:03.680 --> 01:05.840 match. Some feared Iranian leadership 01:05.840 --> 01:08.080 might consider that an act of treason, 01:08.080 --> 01:10.080 which is the crime of betraying one's 01:10.080 --> 01:12.320 country. Sources tell CNN Sports the 01:12.320 --> 01:14.560 women were forced to sing the anthem 01:14.560 --> 01:16.400 before their second match. This raised 01:16.400 --> 01:18.240 fears that they could face punishment 01:18.240 --> 01:20.640 upon their return home. A crowd of 01:20.640 --> 01:22.640 supporters could be seen flanking the 01:22.640 --> 01:25.280 team's bus, shouting, "Save our girls!" 01:25.280 --> 01:27.040 as it pulled away following their final 01:27.040 --> 01:29.200 game of the tournament. The issue got 01:29.200 --> 01:31.040 the attention of US President Donald 01:31.040 --> 01:32.720 Trump, who discussed it on a phone call 01:32.720 --> 01:34.640 with Australian Prime Minister Anthony 01:34.640 --> 01:37.119 Albanese. The prime minister has 01:37.119 --> 01:39.040 confirmed that five of the women have 01:39.040 --> 01:40.720 been granted visas and have been moved 01:40.720 --> 01:43.040 to a safe location. The same offer was 01:43.040 --> 01:45.040 made to all remaining members of the 01:45.040 --> 01:48.799 team. This is a very delicate situation 01:48.799 --> 01:51.360 and it is up to them. But we say to 01:51.360 --> 01:54.640 them, if you want our help, help is 01:54.640 --> 01:57.119 here. As of this taping, sources tell 01:57.119 --> 01:59.600 CNN a total of seven members of the team 01:59.600 --> 02:01.680 stayed in Australia while the rest have 02:01.680 --> 02:04.640 returned to Iran. 02:04.640 --> 02:06.399 Pop quiz hot shot. What is the main 02:06.399 --> 02:08.319 purpose of hibernation? Escape 02:08.319 --> 02:10.319 predators, prepare for migration, 02:10.319 --> 02:15.160 conserve energy, or catch up on sleep? 02:18.080 --> 02:20.160 If you said conserve energy, you are 02:20.160 --> 02:22.560 wide awake. Animals like bears, bats, 02:22.560 --> 02:24.400 hedgehogs, ground squirrels, some 02:24.400 --> 02:26.720 reptiles, and queen bumblebees utilize 02:26.720 --> 02:28.959 hibernation to survive freezing or 02:28.959 --> 02:31.360 scarce environments. When most people 02:31.360 --> 02:33.040 think of hibernation, they probably 02:33.040 --> 02:35.120 picture animals curling up for a long 02:35.120 --> 02:37.280 winter's nap. But beneath the surface, 02:37.280 --> 02:39.200 we are learning more about all that 02:39.200 --> 02:41.200 their bodies are actually doing. 02:41.200 --> 02:43.440 Hibernating animals can dramatically 02:43.440 --> 02:45.680 slow their metabolism, survive months 02:45.680 --> 02:47.840 without much food, and wake up without 02:47.840 --> 02:49.440 damage to their hearts, brains, or 02:49.440 --> 02:51.920 cells. The ultimate biological power 02:51.920 --> 02:54.080 down and restart. And now, scientists 02:54.080 --> 02:56.080 are cracking the genetic code behind 02:56.080 --> 02:58.720 that process to see if it could be a 02:58.720 --> 03:01.519 paradigm to one day help humans travel 03:01.519 --> 03:04.159 long distances in space. Joining us now, 03:04.159 --> 03:07.040 the good doctor, Dr. Sanjay Gupta. So 03:07.040 --> 03:08.000 good to see you. 03:08.000 --> 03:10.000 >> Honor to be I heard you visited one of 03:10.000 --> 03:11.920 these labs where they're kind of digging 03:11.920 --> 03:13.440 into this stuff. What what are these 03:13.440 --> 03:15.200 scientists learning? 03:15.200 --> 03:17.519 >> Well, first of all, hibernation or 03:17.519 --> 03:20.640 torper as it's called, good word, to r 03:20.640 --> 03:22.879 that is something that uh is really 03:22.879 --> 03:25.840 unique. It's not deep sleep. It's not 03:25.840 --> 03:27.840 being in a coma. It's not being under 03:27.840 --> 03:29.920 anesthesia. It's basically like you 03:29.920 --> 03:32.640 said, the body shuts down. The brain 03:32.640 --> 03:35.280 disconnects from the spinal cord. Your 03:35.280 --> 03:37.360 heart rate may go to just a beat or two 03:37.360 --> 03:39.599 per minute. There's really nothing else 03:39.599 --> 03:41.360 like it. One of the things they're 03:41.360 --> 03:42.159 learning though, and this is 03:42.159 --> 03:44.879 fascinating, is that we humans also 03:44.879 --> 03:47.200 carry the genes for torper or 03:47.200 --> 03:49.760 hibernation. We could possibly do this. 03:49.760 --> 03:51.519 And the way to think about it, if you 03:51.519 --> 03:53.680 imagine a house, house has light 03:53.680 --> 03:56.080 switches. It has lights. Think of those 03:56.080 --> 03:59.200 light switches as genes. Those genes can 03:59.200 --> 04:01.760 flip on and off. We have those light 04:01.760 --> 04:03.360 switches in the human body. We just 04:03.360 --> 04:05.200 haven't figured out how to turn them on 04:05.200 --> 04:07.439 or off yet. But it can make a huge 04:07.439 --> 04:08.959 difference for all sorts of things. One 04:08.959 --> 04:10.400 of the animals that is sort of a 04:10.400 --> 04:12.799 champion hibernator though, something I 04:12.799 --> 04:14.239 want to introduce you to. 04:14.239 --> 04:16.639 >> Is there a champion hibernator when it 04:16.639 --> 04:17.600 comes to animals? 04:17.600 --> 04:19.199 >> Yeah. I mean, 13 ground squirrels are 04:19.199 --> 04:21.040 really good. We call them the Hussein 04:21.040 --> 04:22.560 bolts of hibernators cuz they're 04:22.560 --> 04:24.479 excellent at it. 04:24.479 --> 04:26.479 >> It's a tiny creature that weighs no more 04:26.479 --> 04:29.600 than 9 o at most. Native to central 04:29.600 --> 04:31.759 North America, found as far north as 04:31.759 --> 04:34.240 Alberta, Canada, and as far south as the 04:34.240 --> 04:37.440 Texas coastline, these squirrels undergo 04:37.440 --> 04:39.680 remarkable changes during hibernation. 04:39.680 --> 04:41.040 >> They go through what's almost like a 04:41.040 --> 04:42.960 mini heart attack or stroke every couple 04:42.960 --> 04:45.919 of weeks, so 25 times over hibernation 04:45.919 --> 04:48.080 period. The neurons in their brain 04:48.080 --> 04:50.400 physically retract during hibernation. 04:50.400 --> 04:53.360 So they have a flat EEG. the retinal the 04:53.360 --> 04:55.040 cone photo receptors in their eye which 04:55.040 --> 04:57.280 see vision physically melt and reform 04:57.280 --> 04:58.960 every couple of weeks. So this is an 04:58.960 --> 05:00.880 animal that's evolved over hundreds of 05:00.880 --> 05:03.520 millions of years to repair damage that 05:03.520 --> 05:05.040 happens during this really dramatic 05:05.040 --> 05:07.199 hibernation course using the same genes 05:07.199 --> 05:08.639 that you and I have but in slightly 05:08.639 --> 05:10.720 different ways. 05:10.720 --> 05:12.320 >> Today I'm seeing them up close in 05:12.320 --> 05:14.720 Oshkosh, Wisconsin at the university. 05:14.720 --> 05:15.280 Here 05:15.280 --> 05:17.759 >> I'm here in a hibernaculum 05:17.759 --> 05:19.520 which is a place where hibernating 05:19.520 --> 05:22.880 animals hang out. 05:22.880 --> 05:24.880 The squirrels here are part of a bred 05:24.880 --> 05:26.960 colony being studied by researchers from 05:26.960 --> 05:30.479 a biotech company called Fauna Bio. This 05:30.479 --> 05:33.360 hibernaculum, as it is called, is set to 05:33.360 --> 05:36.800 just 4 1/2° C, not that far off from the 05:36.800 --> 05:38.400 body temperatures of the hibernating 05:38.400 --> 05:39.759 squirrels themselves. 05:39.759 --> 05:42.880 >> So, they'll spend about 1 to 3 weeks in 05:42.880 --> 05:45.440 continuous torper. They'll periodically 05:45.440 --> 05:48.800 rear back to uh normal body temperature. 05:48.800 --> 05:51.039 That'll last about 12 hours. 05:51.039 --> 05:52.560 And then they'll go back down into 05:52.560 --> 05:54.560 torper. And then this lasts for months. 05:54.560 --> 05:57.280 They lose most of their fat, but they 05:57.280 --> 05:59.039 still preserve all of their lean mass, 05:59.039 --> 06:01.039 which is quite amazing. They don't lose 06:01.039 --> 06:03.199 their muscle. So when they come out, 06:03.199 --> 06:06.000 they're ready to run around and mate. 06:06.000 --> 06:08.160 >> That is fascinating stuff, Doc. 06:08.160 --> 06:09.680 >> So you were saying we have a lot to 06:09.680 --> 06:11.759 learn from these little in your pocket. 06:11.759 --> 06:13.120 >> Yeah, it's my daughters. I thought I 06:13.120 --> 06:14.319 knew we were going to be talking about 06:14.319 --> 06:16.160 squirrels and their little team mascot 06:16.160 --> 06:18.560 for the day. One thing that I found 06:18.560 --> 06:22.240 fascinating was how they're they lose 06:22.240 --> 06:24.160 fat but not muscle. How are their bodies 06:24.160 --> 06:25.840 able to do that? Maintain their muscle 06:25.840 --> 06:26.800 while hibernating. 06:26.800 --> 06:28.240 >> I thought I thought you might find that 06:28.240 --> 06:29.840 pretty interesting. I mean, can you 06:29.840 --> 06:32.160 imagine like if you as a human basically 06:32.160 --> 06:34.639 were inactive for even a few days, 06:34.639 --> 06:36.400 >> you would lose muscle mass, right? You 06:36.400 --> 06:37.600 probably think about this as an athlete 06:37.600 --> 06:39.759 all the time. They go into the state of 06:39.759 --> 06:41.759 torper, hibernation, sometimes for 06:41.759 --> 06:43.919 months on end. I think what it has to do 06:43.919 --> 06:46.080 with is this idea that somehow that 06:46.080 --> 06:48.000 waste that our body is constantly 06:48.000 --> 06:51.520 creating is somehow recycled into amino 06:51.520 --> 06:53.919 acids and protein and things that help 06:53.919 --> 06:56.319 build muscle. So this is this is like 06:56.319 --> 06:58.000 one of the the biggest questions I think 06:58.000 --> 06:59.520 in all of medicine. And one of the 06:59.520 --> 07:01.680 reasons the big question is because of 07:01.680 --> 07:03.599 space. Think about this. You're going to 07:03.599 --> 07:06.720 send people on monthsl long missions. Uh 07:06.720 --> 07:08.240 if they're in a state of hibernation or 07:08.240 --> 07:11.039 torper, they don't get bored. They don't 07:11.039 --> 07:13.039 have to eat. They don't have to drink. 07:13.039 --> 07:14.720 They're not making waste and they don't 07:14.720 --> 07:16.800 sort of just sort of wither away. They 07:16.800 --> 07:18.960 maintain their muscle mass. This is what 07:18.960 --> 07:20.400 the lab is working on. 07:20.400 --> 07:21.360 >> What are we looking at here? 07:21.360 --> 07:22.479 >> Yeah. So, this is what we call the 07:22.479 --> 07:24.400 Respires unit. Um it's a unit that we 07:24.400 --> 07:26.720 developed uh as part of funding that we 07:26.720 --> 07:28.720 got from NYAK, NASA innovative advanced 07:28.720 --> 07:30.639 concepts. And the reason we're 07:30.639 --> 07:32.080 developing this unit is because we don't 07:32.080 --> 07:33.680 currently have the capability one to 07:33.680 --> 07:36.160 study hibernation in space and two to to 07:36.160 --> 07:38.319 study physiology in space. So we have 07:38.319 --> 07:40.639 designed it to have two uh uh 07:40.639 --> 07:42.479 synchronously hibernating animals in 07:42.479 --> 07:44.639 space transferred to the ISS and we have 07:44.639 --> 07:46.319 it set up so that we can provide air to 07:46.319 --> 07:48.080 the animal. We can provide infrared 07:48.080 --> 07:50.240 camera viewing. Um and this is also 07:50.240 --> 07:51.199 designed as something called a 07:51.199 --> 07:53.199 plismograph which allows us to measure 07:53.199 --> 07:55.759 metabolism and ventilation. Um and we 07:55.759 --> 07:58.000 also anticipate the animals so we can 07:58.000 --> 08:00.080 grab as much physiology as we can 08:00.080 --> 08:02.080 possibly grab to inform us on what their 08:02.080 --> 08:04.800 hibernation phenotype looks like. How 08:04.800 --> 08:07.360 close are scientists to being able to 08:07.360 --> 08:10.639 help humans hibernate? 08:10.639 --> 08:12.560 >> They're getting much closer. In fact, 08:12.560 --> 08:13.919 there's a couple of labs around the 08:13.919 --> 08:15.840 country now that are trying this. Not 08:15.840 --> 08:18.319 not true hibernation, but sort of a 08:18.319 --> 08:20.240 twilight sort of hibernation, if you 08:20.240 --> 08:22.400 will. But in terms of actually using 08:22.400 --> 08:25.360 this for space, you just saw there, 08:25.360 --> 08:27.360 they're going to start sending these 13 08:27.360 --> 08:28.800 line squirrels, these champion 08:28.800 --> 08:31.919 hibernators to space. Big question. Next 08:31.919 --> 08:34.000 question they want to answer, do they 08:34.000 --> 08:36.800 hibernate in space in a microgravity 08:36.800 --> 08:38.719 environment just like they do here on 08:38.719 --> 08:40.880 Earth? The answer is they think that's 08:40.880 --> 08:42.719 the answer. They think it's yes, but 08:42.719 --> 08:43.839 they want to make sure. 08:43.839 --> 08:45.839 >> This is fascinating stuff. I get smarter 08:45.839 --> 08:47.360 every time you join the show. Don't 08:47.360 --> 08:51.519 sleep on Dr. Gupta. Follow his podcast 08:51.519 --> 08:54.240 wherever you get your podcast. Doc, 08:54.240 --> 08:55.519 thanks so much. Thanks for making us 08:55.519 --> 08:58.839 smarter today. 09:01.839 --> 09:03.760 Today's story getting a 10 out of 10. 09:03.760 --> 09:05.839 Two brothers helping others in need 09:05.839 --> 09:08.240 while making the planet a cleaner place. 09:08.240 --> 09:10.560 Ethan and Desmond Hua started a 09:10.560 --> 09:12.720 nonprofit in their parents' garage 09:12.720 --> 09:14.880 called Hope, which stands for Help Our 09:14.880 --> 09:17.120 Planet Earth. The Benevolent Brothers 09:17.120 --> 09:19.360 collect and sort lightly used school 09:19.360 --> 09:21.120 uniforms and deliver them to needy 09:21.120 --> 09:24.000 families in their community at no cost. 09:24.000 --> 09:25.839 The program not only helps those who 09:25.839 --> 09:28.080 can't afford new uniforms, it also keeps 09:28.080 --> 09:30.320 clothing from ending up in a landfill. 09:30.320 --> 09:32.480 So far, it's been a rousing success. 09:32.480 --> 09:34.320 Nine schools across their district have 09:34.320 --> 09:37.040 signed on so far. Ethan says the whole 09:37.040 --> 09:39.200 idea started when he noticed a classmate 09:39.200 --> 09:41.519 wearing shorts on a frigid day. 09:41.519 --> 09:43.360 Everyone's cold, freezing cold outside. 09:43.360 --> 09:45.680 Why was he wearing shorts out of all 09:45.680 --> 09:49.519 things? And what he told me was that he 09:49.519 --> 09:51.680 couldn't afford another pair of pants. 09:51.680 --> 09:54.000 To date, their brothers have kept more 09:54.000 --> 09:56.320 than 13,000 pieces of clothing from 09:56.320 --> 09:58.560 becoming textile waste. Now, that is 09:58.560 --> 10:01.680 what we call revolutionary recycling. 10:01.680 --> 10:03.839 Congrats to our your Word Wednesday 10:03.839 --> 10:06.000 winners, Mrs. Martinez and friends at 10:06.000 --> 10:08.000 the St. Benedict School in Montabelloo, 10:08.000 --> 10:10.240 California, submitted paradigm, a noun 10:10.240 --> 10:12.560 meaning a fundamental model, pattern, or 10:12.560 --> 10:14.880 set of ideas that shapes how we view the 10:14.880 --> 10:17.040 world. Thank you for helping us boost 10:17.040 --> 10:19.279 our vocab today. And we have a shout out 10:19.279 --> 10:22.959 going to Mrs. Carrie and all of our 10:22.959 --> 10:25.200 friends at the Swift River School in New 10:25.200 --> 10:27.920 Salem, Massachusetts. This fuzz is all 10:27.920 --> 10:30.160 the buzz around the newsroom today. 10:30.160 --> 10:32.640 Azour and Abby, they handfelted this 10:32.640 --> 10:34.880 portrait. I must say, uh, it is 10:34.880 --> 10:37.519 phenomenal. Rise up everyone. Go out, be 10:37.519 --> 10:38.959 kind to someone today. You never know 10:38.959 --> 10:40.800 how or when, but you may be the spark of 10:40.800 --> 10:42.880 joy someone needs. I'm Koi Wire and we 10:42.880 --> 10:46.760 are CNN 10.